Guia de Inglês: Vocabulário, Tempos Verbais e Expressões
Vocabulário Básico
Verbos:
Go away: Deixar o lugar; Go by: Passar; Go down: Descer; Go on: Continuar; Go up: Subir.
Meses do Ano
Months (meses): January, February, March, April, May, June, July, August, September, October, November, December.
Estações do Ano
Seasons (estações):
- Spring: Primavera
- Fall/Autumn: Outono
- Summer: Verão
- Winter: Inverno
Tempo (Weather)
- Cold: Muito frio
- Hot: Muito quente
- Windy: Ventoso
- Sunny: Ensolarado
- Rainy: Chuvoso
- Cool: Friozinho
- Warm: Quente (agradável)
- Cloudy: Nublado
Feriados (Holidays)
Valentine’s Day; Mother’s Day; Memorial Day; Father’s Day; Independence Day; Labor Day; Halloween; Thanksgiving; Christmas Day.
Meios de Transporte (Means of Transportation)
Bus; Space Shuttle; Airplane; Boat; Ship; Subway; Train; Bike; Motorcycle; Car; Ferryboat.
Quantificadores (Kantifiers)
Quantidade: Much / A lot of (singular, uncountable: There is)
Af: There is much…
Neg: There isn’t (is not) much…
Int: Is there much…?
Many / A lot of (plural: There are)
Af: There are many…
Neg: There aren’t (are not) many…
Int: Are there many…?
Present Perfect Tense
(Ações que começaram no passado e continuam ou não no presente)
Formação: Have / Has (he, she, it) + Past Participle
Past Participle:
- Verbos irregulares: (forma própria, p. 321 do livro)
- Verbos regulares: -ed (ied, ed)
Af: I have tried it.
Neg: I have not (haven’t) tried it.
Int: Have I tried it?
Advérbios usados com o Present Perfect Tense
- Already: Já (+)
- Always: Sempre
- Ever: Alguma vez (?)
- Yet: Ainda (-, ?)
- Never: Nunca (ideia negativa)
Diferença entre Present Perfect Tense e Simple Past
Present Perfect Tense: O tempo não é dado ou aparece de forma indefinida (recently, lately).
I have driven very good cars.
Simple Past: O tempo é definido (yesterday, last year).
I drove a Ferrari last month.
Present Perfect Progressive
(Ação que começou no passado e continua no presente; enfatiza a continuidade)
Formação: Have / Has (he, she, it) + been + verb-ing
Af: You have been waiting.
Neg: You have not (haven’t) been waiting.
Int: Have you been waiting?
Não é usado com verbos: to think, to know, to like, to hate, to agree, to need, to love, to want, to hear e to have.
Past Perfect Tense
(Ação que já ocorreu no passado)
Formação: Had + verb (past participle)
Af: I had found…
Neg: They had not (hadn’t) found…
Int: Had they found…?