Guia Prático de Inglês: Gramática e Vocabulário

Vocabulário em Inglês

• Go Away: Deixar um lugar; A Little: singular
• Go By: Passar; A Few: plural
• Go Down: Descer; How Much: singular
• Go On: Continuar; How Many: plural
• Go Up: Subir.

Months (Meses)

January, February, March, April, May, June, July, August, September, October, November e December.

Seasons (Estações)

Spring: Primavera; Fall/Autumn: Outono;
Summer: Verão; Winter: Inverno.

Weather (Tempo)

Cold: Muito frio; Rainy: Chuvoso;
Hot: Muito quente; Cool: Friozinho;
Windy: Ventoso; Warm: Quente;
Sunny: Ensolarado; Cloudy: Nublado.

Vocabulário (Holidays)

Valentine’s Day; Mother’s Day; Memorial Day; Father’s Day; Independence Day; Labor Day; Halloween; Thanksgiving; Christmas Day.

Vocabulário (Means of Transportation)

Bus; Space Shuttle; Airplane; Boat; Ship; Subway; Train; Bike; Motorcycle; Car; Ferryboat.

Future Progressive (Continuous) Tense

(Ação contínua)

Formação: will + be + verb + -ing

AF: She will be studying.
NEG: She will not (she’ll not ou she won’t) be studying.
INT: Will she be studying?

Future Perfect Tense

Formação: will + have + verb (past participle)

AF: He will (he’ll) have finished.
NEG: He will not (he’ll not ou he won’t) have finished.
INT: Will he have finished?

Quantifiers (Quantidade)

Much / A lot of (singular, there is):

AF: There is much…
NEG: There isn’t (is not) much…
INT: Is there much…?

Many / A lot of (plural, there are):

AF: There are many…
NEG: There aren’t (are not) many…
INT: Are there many…?

Present Perfect Tense

(Ações que começaram no passado e continuam ou não no presente)

Formação: have / has (he, she e it) + past participle

Past participle:

• Verbos irregulares: (forma própria, p. 321 do livro)
• Verbos regulares: terminação em -ed, -ied e -d.

AF: I have tried it.
NEG: I have not (haven’t) tried it.
INT: Have I tried it?

Advérbios Usados com o Present Perfect Tense

• Already: Já (+ e ?)
• Always: Sempre (+)
• Ever: Alguma vez (?)
• Yet: Ainda (- e ?)
• Never: Nunca (+ com ideia negativa)

Diferença entre Present Perfect Tense e Simple Past

Present Perfect Tense: o tempo não é dado ou aparece de forma indefinida (recently, lately).
Exemplo: I have driven very good cars.

Simple Past: o tempo é definido (yesterday, last year).
Exemplo: I drove a Ferrari last month.

Present Perfect Progressive

(Ação que começou no passado e continua no presente. Enfatiza a continuidade)

Formação: have / has (he, she e it) + been + verb + -ing

AF: You have been waiting.
NEG: You have not (haven’t) been waiting.
INT: Have you been waiting?

• Não é usado nos verbos: to think, to know, to like, to hate, to agree, to need, to love, to want, to hear e to have.

Past Perfect Tense

(Ação que já ocorreu, passado)

Formação: had + verb (past participle)

AF: I had found…
NEG: They had not (hadn’t) found…
INT: Had they found…?